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網帶式熱處理爐真空方法

2017-03-31

 因(yin)為金屬工(gong)件(jian)的加熱、冷(leng)卻等操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),需要(yao)十幾(ji)個甚至幾(ji)十個動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)來完(wan)成(cheng)。這些(xie)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)在真空(kong)熱處(chu)理(li)爐內(nei)進行(xing),操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員無(wu)法接近(jin),因(yin)此對真空(kong)熱處(chu)理(li)電爐的自(zi)動化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)的要(yao)求較高(gao)(gao)。同時(shi),有些(xie)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),如加熱保(bao)溫結束(shu)后,金屬工(gong)件(jian)進行(xing)淬火工(gong)序須六、七個動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)并(bing)且(qie)要(yao)在15秒鐘以(yi)內(nei)完(wan)成(cheng)。這樣敏捷的條件(jian)來完(wan)成(cheng)許多動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),很容(rong)易造成(cheng)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員的緊張而構成(cheng)誤(wu)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。因(yin)此,只有較高(gao)(gao)的自(zi)動化(hua)才能準確、及時(shi)按程(cheng)序協調。

 金屬零件(jian)進行真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處(chu)理均(jun)在密(mi)閉的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)爐內進行,嚴格的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)密(mi)封(feng)眾所周(zhou)知。因此,獲得和堅持爐子(zi)原定的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)氣率,保證真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)爐的(de)(de)(de)工作真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)度,對確(que)保零件(jian)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)有著非常主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。所以真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處(chu)理爐的(de)(de)(de)一個關(guan)鍵(jian)問題,就(jiu)是要(yao)有可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)密(mi)封(feng)構(gou)造。為了保證真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)爐的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)性(xing)能,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)處(chu)理爐結(jie)構(gou)設計(ji)中必須道循一個基本原則,就(jiu)是爐體要(yao)采用(yong)(yong)氣密(mi)焊接,同時在爐體上(shang)盡量(liang)(liang)少開(kai)或者不開(kai)孔,少采用(yong)(yong)或者避免采用(yong)(yong)動密(mi)封(feng)結(jie)構(gou),以盡量(liang)(liang)減(jian)少真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)泄露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)機遇(yu)。安裝在真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)爐體上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)、附件(jian)等如水冷(leng)電(dian)極、熱(re)電(dian)偶導出裝置(zhi)也(ye)都(dou)必須設計(ji)密(mi)封(feng)構(gou)造。

 大(da)部分加熱(re)(re)(re)與(yu)隔(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)材料(liao)(liao)只能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下(xia)使用(yong)。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)爐的加熱(re)(re)(re)與(yu)隔(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)襯(chen)料(liao)(liao)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)與(yu)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)工作的,因而對(dui)這些材料(liao)(liao)提出了耐高(gao)(gao)溫(wen),輻射成(cheng)果好,導熱(re)(re)(re)系數小(xiao)等(deng)要(yao)求。對(dui)抗氧(yang)化性能(neng)(neng)要(yao)求不(bu)高(gao)(gao)。所以,真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)爐廣泛采用(yong)了鉭、鎢、鉬和石(shi)墨等(deng)作加熱(re)(re)(re)與(yu)隔(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)構料(liao)(liao)。這些材料(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)氣狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下(xia)極易氧(yang)化,因此,普(pu)通熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)爐不(bu)能(neng)(neng)采用(yong)這些加熱(re)(re)(re)與(yu)隔(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)材料(liao)(liao)。

 水冷(leng)裝置(zhi):真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理爐的爐殼、爐蓋、電(dian)熱(re)元件、水冷(leng)電(dian)極、中(zhong)間(jian)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)隔熱(re)門等部(bu)件,均在真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)、受熱(re)狀態下工(gong)作(zuo)。在這(zhe)種極為(wei)不(bu)利的條件下工(gong)作(zuo),必須保證(zheng)各(ge)部(bu)件的結構不(bu)變形、不(bu)損壞,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)密封圈不(bu)過熱(re)、不(bu)燒毀(hui)。因此,各(ge)部(bu)件應該(gai)根(gen)據不(bu)同(tong)的情況(kuang)設置(zhi)水冷(leng)裝置(zhi),以(yi)保證(zheng)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理爐能夠正常運行(xing)并有足夠的利用壽命。

 采用低電(dian)(dian)壓大電(dian)(dian)流:真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)容器(qi)內,當(dang)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)度為幾托一lxlo-1托的(de)(de)(de)范圍內時(shi),真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)容器(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)通電(dian)(dian)導體在較高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓下,會(hui)產(chan)生輝(hui)光(guang)(guang)放電(dian)(dian)現象。在真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熱(re)處理爐內,嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)弧光(guang)(guang)放電(dian)(dian) 會(hui)燒毀電(dian)(dian)熱(re)元(yuan)件、隔熱(re)層(ceng)等,造成重(zhong)大事故和損失。因此,真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)熱(re)處理爐的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)元(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)壓一般都不超過80一100伏。同時(shi)在電(dian)(dian)熱(re)元(yuan)件結構設計時(shi)要采取有效辦法,如盡量避免(mian)有尖(jian)端的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件,電(dian)(dian)極間的(de)(de)(de)間距不能太小,以(yi)防止輝(hui)光(guang)(guang)放電(dian)(dian)或者弧光(guang)(guang)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生。